https://doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2025047
Regular Article
The Geant4 software toolkit evolution over the past decade
1
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
* e-mail: marc.verderi@llr.in2p3.fr
Received:
28
November
2024
Received in final form:
21
July
2025
Accepted:
4
August
2025
Published online: 20 October 2025
Geant4 is an open software toolkit for the Monte-Carlo simulation of particle transport in matter. It is used in many domains, like high energy and nuclear physics, medical and space science, as well as homeland security and material science. Started 30 years ago, it is still subject to very active developments. This paper presents the developments in Geant4 over the past 10 years, covering the kernel, physics models, and software aspects. It also discusses ongoing R&D projects.
© M. Verderi et al., Published by EDP Sciences, 2025
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
